Organizational Responsibility and Current Helthcare Issues...

Organizational Responsibility and Current Health Care Issues Paper People from a distinguish era in America currently have authority. These individuals have the authority to modify legislators, large corporations, politics, pharmaceutical, and health care. This era of distinguished people in America are acknowledged as the Baby Boomers. This era of Americans consist of 78 million infants entering the world between 1946 and 1964. World War II came to a halt in 1945 and soldiers returned home with intentions of bonding his or her family relationship and locate employment as a means to provide financial support for his or her family. Bonding with his or her family came about in a form of expansion more women were pregnant resulting†¦show more content†¦People have concerned that phenomenal expansion of America’s senior population will create a challenge for the government assistance programs such as Social Security and Medicare. Another group of people are concerned t he Boomers have the potential to agitate the economy as they indulge in spending a phenomenal portion of his or her assets at the same time. Boomers imprint is on every stage of American life he or she has passed through, and anticipation of seniors years will duplicate. Baby Boomers seek out youthful in his or her habits, priorities, and pursuits. In the eagerness to honor the image each earned acknowledged as the generation who represent youth. Boomers with the assistance of marketers, have established a youth-oriented consumer frame of mind that have proven challenging to alter. It is apparent Baby Boomers failed to devise a strategy as a means to exit from his or her youthful role, Marketers and others ponder what to expect from the boomers as he or she entered the old people stage. According to the Census Bureau, the number of Americans over 65 is anticipated to double to 78 million. The demographic leap has caused a variety of predictions from unbearable strains on entitlement programs, and the federal budget, to a decline in the stock andShow MoreRelatedEffect of Matherial Weaknesses on Stock Exchange Market11608 Words   |  47 PagesCongress passed the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (the Act or SOX hereafter) in July 2002 to enhance corporate governance and thereby restore public confidence. The Act has introduced significant changes in both management’s reporting responsibilities and the scope and nature of the responsibilities of the auditor. The major provisions of the Act established the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB), prohibit auditors from performing certain non-audit services for their audit clients, impose greater

Critical Analysis Of The Aeneid - 1846 Words

Critical Analysis of Virgils Aeneid In The Aeneid, Virgil uses many prophecies. They begin in the first few lines and last throughout the poem. Many are directed toward Aeneas, but some are to his relatives and friends. The prophecies shown allow the reader to better understand the situation and also provide insight about Rome. Prophecies are an important key to The Aeneid. Prophecies are very important to Virgil’s The Aeneid. Early on, Virgil does not hide what will happen, but instead, he allows the reader insight through many prophecies. In the first few lines, Juno makes the statement â€Å"that generations born of Trojan blood would one day overthrow her Tyrian walls.† (32). In predicting this, she allows us, the reader, to understand†¦show more content†¦His first instinct as he realized he was being saved may have been that he is going to do great things in the future, but when Neptune continues with his warning, Aeneas realizes this is not the case. He sees that his future is destined and there is nothing he can do to change it. His fate is predetermined. His â€Å"privileged line† began with his father, will continue through his son, and eventually lead to Julius Caesar. Also, the â€Å"stricter penalty† could be that he may think his life is difficult, but if he does not do as he is told, all of his future relatives will pay the price. After all this has taken place, Neptune disappears, the storm calms, and the sunlight returns. Later, Jupiter sends a prophecy to Venus. In line 310, still in book one, she appeared, crying and confessed all of her fears. She knows that he is very powerful, in fact, the supreme god, and wants him to protect her and their family. After listening, Jupiter remains calm, kissed her, and assures her there is â€Å"no need to be afraid.† (347). In line 349, he shows the prophecy saying, â€Å"As promised, you shall see Lavinium’s walls and take up, then, amid the stars of heaven great-souled Aeneas.† Jupiter tells Venus that Aeneas will fight a great battle and lead the way for his son, Ascanius, who will also become a great hero. This line of hero’s will continue until Caesar is born and then the fighting will end. This prophecy is Virgil’s way of incorporating the history of Rome in the Aeneid.Show MoreRelatedCritical Review Of Ovid s Aeneid And Aeneid1382 Words   |  6 PagesCritical Review of Ovid’s and Virgil’s Aeneid The tale of the Aeneid tells the story of Aeneas and how he founds the Roman people. The most well known version of this story is Virgil’s Aeneid. The traditional interpretation of Virgil’s depiction of the hero and the myth is that it was used as propaganda for the new imperial system that the emperor Augustus had introduced. In contrast with this is the Harvard School interpretation, which states that Virgil’s Aeneid is actually undermining the ImperialRead MoreMargaret Ellen Lamb s Exploration Of Sidney s Defense Of Poesy922 Words   |  4 Pagesworks that deliver a ‘radically new approach in deconstructing early modern cultural ideology and literature. Including writers such as Fran Dolan and Walter Ong locates Lamb s analysis alongside contemporaries and provides wider discourse addressing similar concepts. Laqueur s one-sex model is cited as a key critical approach with gender presented as a ‘question of performance – of costume, of ges ture, of status – rather than of ontological existence. This suggests early modern belief in oneRead MoreThe Theme of Ultimate Victory in The Aeneid 1800 Words   |  8 PagesTHESIS STATEMENT In the epic poem The Aeneid, Virgil stressed the theme of ultimate victory over defeat through Aeneas’ adventures to Italy. PURPOSE STATEMENT Through the analysis of the text and critical analyses of the Aeneid, it is true that Aeneid is ultimately the victor in this war for freedom. INTRODUCTION Imagine you were a well- recognized noble; you had everything you could ever possibly want. Then imagine sudden defeat. You are no longer a noble, but a fugitive. There seemsRead MoreReflection Of Ovids Metamorphoss1330 Words   |  6 PagesOvids Metamorphoses is regarded as a masterpiece among the great classical Latin poems. Unlike Virgils Aeneid, which preceded it by twenty-one years, it is elusive and ironic, mythic rather than historical, and, as its name suggests, continually shifting its shape. Rather than chronicling and celebrating the monumentality of Rome and the grandeur of its emperor, Ovid here examines and reflects upon the passions and inner strengths and weaknesses of individuals. The Metamorphoses is a collectionRead MoreHow and to what purpose does Virgil use ekphrasis in the Aeneid3194 Words   |  13 Pagesï » ¿How and to what purpose does Virgil use ekphrasis in the Aeneid? Virgil’s use of ekphrasis in the Aeneid has attracted much attention by classical scholars; as such the coverage on this topic is extensive. This essay therefore does not aim to purport all of Virgil’s techniques and aims in regard to describing art in the Aeneid – a subject on which entire books have been written – rather the brevity of this essay necessitates an overview of the predominant theories, whilst attempting to shed lightRead More ancient mid-east history Essay1399 Words   |  6 Pagesit can also be argued that Homer was the father of writing. His epics, The Iliad and The Odyssey, are fictional epics. However, it is apparent that, to some extent, there may be truths within them. Later, Virgil, another great epic poet wrote the Aeneid, which also proved valuable in the study of these ancient Greek cultures. From this we acquire the first realization that history, as an academic study, does not exist in a vacuum, nor does it rely solely on its own vices. In contrast, we see thatRead MoreCritical Analysis of ‘Arms and the Man’ by G.B Shaw with special reference to the language and relevance of the piece3275 Words   |  14 Pages â€Å"The world is not such an innocent place as we used to think, Petkoff.† (Act III, p. 67) Table of Contents: 1. Introduction; The Subject matter of the Play †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦3 2. Background of ‘Arms the Man’†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 5 3. Analysis of the Style and Language of the Play†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 6 4. Relevance of the Play†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 7 5. Bibliography†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 8 Introduction: The Subject matter of the Play1 The play begins in the bedroom of RainaRead More Francis Petrarch: Leader of the Humanistic Movement and Father of the Renaissance2215 Words   |  9 Pagesthe dawn of a new Roman Empire way of thinking.. Humanism is the intellectual, literary and scientific movement of the 14th to the 16th centuries without which the Renaissance would never have evolved. Humanism is a rediscovery and reevaluation (analysis) of classical civilization and the application of the aspects of this civilization to intellectual and social culture in the current time. It is a blend of concern for the history and actions of human beings, mainly the ancient Greeks and RomansRead MoreThe Manipulation School: Andrà © Lefevere5213 Words   |  21 Pagesfirst half of the 20th century are, for instance, well related to the prestige that the French cultural model enjoyed in this country, a prestige that it shares today with other cultures (e. g. the American one). Lefeveres presentation of some Aeneids in English (1998) is another instance which clearly shows that the success of translations over time has less to do with the intrinsic quality of the translated texts as such and more with the prestige of authoritative (Latin) culture, a safeRead MoreEssay about Interview Report: Leadership in the Healthcare System2480 Words   |  10 Pagesleadership is ‘people’, is to deal with different personalities, put them together in one team, and try to glue them together and work together. The second difficulty is monetary finance. How to play an effective serving in the limited funding is a critical issue. After all, in the health care system, patients must be in the first place instead of money. The final challenge is to deal with difficult patients. Difficult patients refer patients who have negative thoughts and are not satisfied with the

Imperialism DBQ free essay sample

United States should spread its good fortune to other states such as the Philip pines, Cuba and Puerco Rice. They believed Imperialism was a good thing for the United States , while others such as Williams Jennings Bryan and Mark Twain condemned imperialism. The eye believed it violated American Ideals and it did not fit with the national Identity. Advocates argued that the United States served to civilize others, like an international Policeman, while o posers argued that the United States should focus more on domestic problems and maintain traditional Identity. Imperialism became a problem during the Shakespearian war.Im essence, the war really did not need American Intervention. Yellow journalism and the suppose d attacks on the US ship are what led to Intervention. As soon as Americans intervened, quests ones about the new territories rose. Some Americans wanted to fight the war to being radical chaw Eng back home. In particular, African Americans supported the war because they believed it woo old bring civil rights. We will write a custom essay sample on Imperialism DBQ or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page (Document 2) If they fought along side white soldiers and risked their Ii eves for their country, they thought they would be seen as equals. This is what E. E. Cooper argued when advocating for war.Others advocated for war because they believed develop Eng nations could prosper with American help. Theodore Roosevelt, an aggressive imperialist, cry digitized anyone who opposed the annexation of the Philippines. ( Document 5 ) Before become inning president, he advocated for the United States to parent over the Philippines. When he be came president, he treated America as the International police and advocated for his big stick p logic. This led to strengthening of the Monroe doctrine. Not everyone was supportive of this. R been Adair, a Latin American poet, wrote a poem targeting Roosevelt and condemning his big stick k policy. JoseMarti, another Latin American writer, wrote about Latin America coming Togo thereto stand against the united States. Both of these become no concern for Roosevelt. Roosevelt was not the only president advocating imperialism. William McKinley y did as well. He was the president who ultimately got the Philippines. He firmly believe De that America could help the Filipinos become civilized. (Document 3). As time passed, the U united States gained control of other areas such as Cuba and Puerco Rice. The need for the SE colonies was advocated by Alfred Amman. He believed that a Navy was necessary and colon sees were necessary to preserve the Navy.

Something the Lord Made Summary free essay sample

Something the Lord Made is a story about the development and incredible miracle of the Blue Baby procedure. The movie is based upon how Vivien Thomas, a young black lab technician, and Dr. Alfred Blalock, a wealthy white physician, are brought together in friendship and medical research of a procedure to save cyanosis, bluish skin, children. The movie is based upon these two men, who defied the rules of their time to launch both a medical and a civil rights revolution. The medical impact that Thomas and Blalock had on the John Hopkins hospital will not only save lives but lead to familiar procedures such as coronary bypass surgery. Cyanosis is a condition that caused by the lack of oxygen in the blood, causing a bluish pigment to the skin. This condition aroused Dr. Helen Taussig of John Hopkins hospital, she developed a theory â€Å"that cyanosis was due to the construction (tightening) of the pulmonary artery. We will write a custom essay sample on Something the Lord Made Summary or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page † (Medical Discoveries). Taussig brought this information to Blalock, who had a reputation as an excellent vascular surgeon, and was conducting research in blood vessel bypass surgery. Blalock took this interest and executed the operation on hundreds of dogs, with the help of Vivien Thomas, to create the Blue Baby Syndrome upon a dog. With this dog now showing symptoms of Cyanosis Syndrome, Thomas and Blalock are now able to conduct the surgery of â€Å"anastomosis, or joining, of the subclavian to the pulmonary artery, which had the effect of increasing blood flow to the lungs† (Wikipedia). This new development was then taken to the hospital and conducted on a human patient with success, the surgery was later named Blalock-Taussig shunt. Due to triumph of the surgery, this lead to a broader aspect of vascular heart surgery, and will save countless lives. Not only was there prevail with the surgery, Thomas also devised medical equipment used in the surgery. His medical equipment included â€Å"a heavy spring device that could apply varying levels of pressure† (Shelley), which created a new understanding of shock. He also invented â€Å"pulse oximetry, defibrillation, and automatic laboratory analysis† (Kennedy). Thomas’ inventions and contribution the surgery has lead to extraordinary findings and promising hope for cyanosis patients. Thomas and Blalocks determination and hard work changed medical history and saved lives. Not only did Thomas and Blalock change medical history but they also started a civil revolution. Thomas came to the hospital during the time of racial segregation, when it was unheard of for a African American man to be wearing a lab coat, and it was enough to make people stop and stare. But it was his skill in the laboratory, rather than his skin color, that raised eyebrows. Even though his skills prevailed, he was still paid and treated as a janitor. The 34-year partnership between the two was complicated and contradictory. On one hand, Blalock defended his choice of Thomas to his superiors and to colleagues, and on the other hand, there were limits to his tolerances such as: pay, academic acknowledgement, and social interaction outside of work. After Blalocks death, Thomas continued at Hopkins for 15 more years and trained a number of African American lab technicians. In 1976, Thomas was awarded with an Honorary Doctorate. Something the Lord Made is a moving story of two men who changed the history in the medical field and the ways of segregation. Vivien Thomas and Alfred Blalock marked their name in history, saving myriad lives and changing the world. Their legacy will live on at John Hopkins as their pictures hang side by side.

An analysis of the 2005 Al

Various variables must be considered when analyzing and laying out strategies for dealing with enemies. These variables of the operational environment include Political, Military, Economic, Social, Infrastructure and Information (PMESII).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on An analysis of the 2005 Al-Qaeda letter from Abu Muhammad to Abu Musab specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Additionally two other variables i.e. Physical environment and Time (PT) have been added to the Army doctrine. In analyzing the letter from Abu Muhammad to Abu Musab, the way in which these variables present is of crucial importance if any meaningful strategies are to be designed and implemented. Political Variable From the letter, it is clear that there are administrative ranks within Al-Qaeda under the general leadership of Bin Laden. Being second in command in the global Al-Qaeda leadership, it is Abu Muhammad’s responsibility to offer guidance to regional leaders and this has clearly presented in this letter. He details a plan for getting the American forces out of Iraq in order to establish a Muslim led administration, â€Å"The second stage: Establish an Islamic authority or amirate†¦over as much territory as you can to spread its power in Iraq† (2005). The said strategy is targeted at ensuring political dominance by Al-Qaeda both in Iraq and its neighboring countries. He also goes ahead to detail the strategy for installing the government and explains that once the Americans are sent out of Iraq, the governing authority will be elected by the people; an aspect that has a political bearing. Abu Muhammad requests Abu Musab to give him details regarding the political situation in Iraq (2005). This shows that Al Qaeda is interested in political supremacy more than anything else. Information Variable In the introductory part of the letter, Abu Muhammad reveals that he had sent a speech on tape for broa dcast to the Al-Jazeera network. He inquires if the entire message was broadcast and promises to provide details of the speech in this particular letter. From this introductory part as well, it is evident that the Al-Qaeda’s most convenient channel of communication is the letter preferably sent through various publications. It is also clear that any letters sent to the leader, Osama Bin Laden,Advertising Looking for essay on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Abu Muhammad-Abu Musab 3 either pass through the hands of junior officials or Bin Laden reads them first and then communicates the message to his aides, â€Å"we received your last published message sent to brother Usama Bin Laden.† (Abu Muhammad, 2005). Later on in the letter, Abu Muhammad reveals that the greatest challenge that Al Qaeda faces is in the media. He claims that they are in a battle to win the hearts of the people since he perceives the support of the masses as the key driving force in their mission (Abu Muhammad, 2005). Military Variable The Al-Qaeda’s intended method of getting the American Forces out of Iraq involves usage of military force. In the letter, Abu Muhammad suggests that in order to get to their goal of forming an Islamic government, they have to start fieldwork immediately â€Å"alongside the combat and war.† (2005) He proceeds to propose a combination of military action and political forces in the raid against American forces and advices Abu Musab to ensure that enough support is received from the masses. Abu Muhammad credits the Jihad as a very successful method of getting to their goal of dominating the Middle East. Even without him categorically stating this, his implied message by virtue of the definition of a Jihad is the use of military attack on forces that don’t share Al-Qaeda’s faith. The proposition that the Mujaheeden should not just stop at chasing away the A mericans and â€Å"lay down their weapons† (Abu Muhammad, 2005) illustrates the kind of military force that the Alqaeda intends to use in its mission. Conclusion In order for the American forces to succeed in keeping the warring zones under check it is imperative that the various variables of the operational environment be given consideration while analyzing messages intercepted between the enemies’s various ranks. Care should be taken to ensure that all seemingly minute details are properly included in all response decisions against an enemy attack. This is even more crucial when the enemy forces have centers of authority scattered all over the world. It is only by understanding the enemy’s line of thought that proper strategies can be crafted to ensure victory. Reference Muhammad, A. (June 18 2005). Personal communication. Abu Musab, 1-10. This essay on An analysis of the 2005 Al-Qaeda letter from Abu Muhammad to Abu Musab was written and submitted by user Ishaan T. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Export and Import Malaysia Essays

Export and Import Malaysia Essays Export and Import Malaysia Essay Export and Import Malaysia Essay Oct export growth seen slower Date: 09-12-2011 Author: Rupa Damodaran KUALA LUMPUR: MALAYSIAN exports, which have remained on a steady growth path despite a slowing global demand, is likely to grow at a slow pace in October, said economists. Base effect is one of the reasons for the pace but economists were however cheered by the support by commodity prices, which would be a boost to the total export receipts. According to a Business Times poll, exports are expected to post a 8. 07 per cent average growth rate and imports 5. 19 per cent while trade balance is expected to average RM8. 97 billion. The International Trade and Industry Ministry will release the data today. OCBC Banks Gundy Cahyadi said the 16. 6 per growth, seen in September, was just temporary, adding that the slowdown in global growth momentum is likely to weigh on the export growth prospects. Some moderation is already seen in the commodity shipments in the recent months. According to Citi, the electrical and electronics (E;E) sector, which contributes the bulk of manufacturing exports from Malaysia, could continue to stabilise, in line with some regional peers. The 20. 8 per cent year-on-year surge in Japans imports from Malaysia in ringgit terms and the 12. per cent surge in Singapores imports from Malaysia are likely to offset the moderation in Chinas imports from Malaysia (13. 7 per cent) in October. However, Citi is convinced that palm oil exports will surge as the Palm Oil Registration and Licensing Authoritys October data showed the combined value of palm oil and palm kernel oil exports nearly doubled to 46. 7 per cent year-on-year. Standard Chartered Bank also expects commodities to continue to do much of the heavy lifting in terms of driving export growth as manufactured goods exports remain sluggish. Economist Tai Hui expects the positive commodity price effect to fade towards year-end. Crude palm oil (CPO) prices fell 9. 6 per cent year-on-year in November, compared with a 40 per cent gain in the fourth quarter of 2010. Despite our forecast for CPO to rise modestly from current levels in the next 12 months, this will not be strong enough to lift exports significantly. According to Tai, resilient domestic demand should continue to support import growth. ( END ) Source : Business Times SUMARRY Based on the article, we know that the October Export was growth slower. One of the caused is pace but the economist oppose

Global management strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Global management strategy - Essay Example This research has applied global marketing theories and frameworks supported by a well-structured bibliography of various international marketing components relating to market entry into a new market. This paper finally gives its findings and recommendations on the proposed venture. It is never anyones wish to feel unwell and be forced to seek medication. Nevertheless, individuals find themselves visiting pharmacies on various occasions to get the needed medical assistance. The usual ailments experienced by people have a broad selection of drugs that can be acquired over-the-counter in numerous pharmacies in the city of Prague. That notwithstanding, in as much of Czech Republic, an individual cannot purchase drugs from any drugstore like is in the case in the United States. A pharmacist can only do the sale of drugs in Czech Republic, and people find themselves making long queues await their turn to be served by a pharmacist at the counter. Conversely, eye products that include spectacles, contact lenses, and eye drops cannot be found in pharmacies in the country unless an individual visits an optician with a prescription. Toiletries and other products made to improve hygiene are also unavailable in Czech Republic pharmacies but can be purchased in stores elsewhere. Pharmacies in Czech Republic normally have queues for those who have prescriptions and those individuals without. "Na rezept" indicates the queue for people with prescriptions and people without prescriptions are made to stand on the "bezrezeptu" lines. Language barriers are often major impediments for individuals who do not speak the native Czech dialects. Primarily three companies namely; Leevia, which would later change its name to Zentiva, Lachema and Galena, which was purchased by the United Pharmaceutical Establishment (SPOFA) during the late 1980, built